This is a conversation between Arjun and Sejal.
They are discussing about the topic of Standards of Conduct in Sanatana Dharma.
Hello Sejal.
Let's discuss the standards of conduct. These standards serve as the foundation for living in harmony with one another and fostering unity within society. The question of whether an individual's behavior contributes to societal symbiosis is complex. If the behavior is deemed righteous or virtuous, it contributes positively; if not, it may be considered wrong or sinful.
That's true, Sejal. Actions that appear correct on a personal level can sometimes harm others, and the consequences of such actions may be immediate or delayed. It's crucial for individuals to reflect on what constitutes good and bad behavior.
Not everyone possesses the discernment to distinguish between right and wrong. Scriptures and laws prescribe duties based on authority, defining these prescriptions as standards of conduct. Legal systems across countries establish regulations in various domains, and non-compliance can result in penalties.
For instance, road rules are universally understood. They regulate vehicle standards, driving behavior, speed limits, parking, and more, aiming to prevent accidents and protect individuals and the community.
In Sanātana Dharma, the concept of Varnāśrama Dharma outlines the duties and virtues appropriate for different individuals (adhikāri) at various times and places, ensuring a harmonious life. These Dharmas are extensions of societal laws.
Individuals possess unique passions, attitudes, and abilities. A one-size-fits-all approach to life is not feasible. The Śāstrās prescribe actions requiring specific competencies, and those qualified are deemed adhikāri or competent individuals.
Duties are assigned based on merit; a principle mirrored in modern organizations' recruitment processes. Duties are allocated according to one's occupation (varṇa) and stage of life (Aśram), embodying the virtues of Varnāśrama Dharma.
The Bhagavad Gita delineates qualities considered divine virtues and those deemed demonic vices. Divine virtues include fearlessness, purity of heart, steadfastness in knowledge and yoga, charity, self-restraint, sacrifice, study of sacred texts, honesty, non-violence, and more.
Conversely, demonic vices are characterized by hypocrisy, arrogance, conceit, anger, harshness, and ignorance. It's essential to discern between these virtues and vices, internalize the virtues, and let them guide one's conduct.
The path to cultivating divine virtues is a lifelong journey involving personal effort, spiritual studies, practices, and guidance. Moral behaviors require a benchmark for understanding, provided by Dharma Śāstrās like the Manu Smriti and Yajñavalkya Smriti.
The Smritis outline a comprehensive code of ethics and conduct, encompassing familial relationships, rituals, social behavior, governance, penal codes, and even the ethics of warfare.
These principles are often illustrated through dialogues between characters in epic narratives like the Rāmāyaṇa and the Mahābhārata. For example, when Yudhishṭhira was establishing Indraprastha, Devarishi Narada visited to inquire about his governance, ensuring adherence to ethical standards.
It's acknowledged that no law is infallible or universally applicable. When discrepancies emerge, they must be rectified appropriately. The Doctrine of Precedent suggests ancient wisdom can guide contemporary decision-making.